Is enucleation followed by peripheral ostectomy and Carnoy's solution application an adequate treatment for Odontogenic keratocyst? A case series with up to five years of follow up / A enucleação seguida da osteotomia periférica e a aplicação de solução de Carnoy é um tratamento adequado para o ceratocisto odontogênico? Uma série de casos com acompanhamento de até cinco anos

Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcome of enucleation and peripheral ostectomy with the use of Carnoy's solution for management of Odontogenic keratocyst. Material and Methods: 17 patients with OKC who reported from 2011 to 2015 were included. All the cases were treated by enucleation and peripheral ostectomy of 0.5mm followed by Carnoy's solution cauterization for 4 minutes. All patients were followed up for 4-5 years. Results: All the cases were followed-up by using serial panoramic radiography and clinical evaluation at regular intervals. No recurrence was reported in any of the cases. Conclusion: Treatment of Odontogenic keratocyst by enucleation and 0.5mm of peripheral ostectomy, followed by Carnoy's solution cauterization for 4 minutes is an effective treatment with zero recurrence rates for five years of follow-up (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento de enucleação e osteotomia periférica com o uso de solução de Carnoy para o manejo do ceratocisto odontogênico (OKC). Material e Métodos: 17 pacientes com OKC com acompanhamento de 2011 a 2015 foram incluídos. Todos os casos foram tratados através da enucleação e osteotomia periférica de 0,5 mm, seguido da cauterização com solução de Carnoy por 4 minutos. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por 4-5 anos. Resultados: Todos os casos foram acompanhados por meio de séries de radiografias panorâmicas e avaliação clínica em intervalos regulares. Nenhuma recorrência foi reportada em nenhum dos casos. Conclusão: O tratamento de ceratocisto odontogênico por meio da enucleação e osteotomia periférica de 0,5mm, seguido da cauterização com solução de Carnoy por 4 minutos é um tratamento efetivo com zero taxa de recorrência em um acompanhamento de 5 anos. (AU)

Use of Foley's catheter as a tourniquet for the management of vascular lesion of lip in Mowat-Wilson syndrome

Background: Vascular malformation of lower lip is a very rare anomaly. The lesion leads to facial asymmetry, difficulty in speech and eating and drooling of saliva. Treatment goals include symmetrical reconstruction of the lip with minimal scarring, provide adequate bulk for the reconstruction of vermillion, in toto removal of the lesion and prevent recurrence. The most common complication during surgical removal of these lesions includes blood loss and profuse bleeding which leads to poor visibility, increased operation time and postoperative requirement of blood transfusion. Therefore, the use of sclerosing agent is recommended before surgical removal. This may help in decreasing bleeding during surgery but not in all cases. Case Report: Here, we report the use of Foley's catheter for the management of a high flow lesion of lower lip in a 12-year-old patient diagnosed with Mowat-Wilson syndrome. This technique helped in providing bloodless field which lead to minimal blood loss and good visibility intraoperatively.

Impact of Industrial Wastewaters on Fresh Water Fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1785): A Tool for Ecological Risks Monitoring

Background: In the era of industries, the problem of pollution of aquatic resources has become aggravated due to continuous wastewater disposal. The Aquatic ecosystem health can be considered as an indicator of the environmental state. Furthermore, fishes are an ideal indicators for contaminated environment. Aims: To assess the sensitivity of common carp fishes against industrial wastewaters exposure on the basis of lethal effects and behavioral changes as a tool for ecotoxicology for knowing the possible effects upon environment due to selected industries wastewater. Methodology: In this study, the effects of industrial wastewaters for different ecotoxicological parameters (mortality and behaviour changes) on common carp were studied under static conditions during different time interval (24, 42, 72 and 96 h) followed by sampled industrial wastewater quality analysis for physicochemical parameters. Results: Increased space between the gills and operculum, excessive excretion, as well as increased fish surface activity was found in the wastewater exposed fish compared to control. Conclusion: The overall findings from the present study indicate that the sampled industrial wastewaters are safe for crop irrigation but may have some adverse impact on the biota due to the observed behavioral and histological changes in wastewater exposed fishes.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T variant in Indian children with craniosynostosis: Its role in the pathogenesis, risk of craniosynostosis.

BACKGROUND : 677C to T allele in the 5, 10‑methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been implicated in the etiology of various syndromes and nonsyndromic diseases but till date no direct studies have been reported with craniosynostosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the family‑based association of MTHFR polymorphism in different categories of craniosynostosis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional study in which 30 patients classified as Apert syndrome, Pfeiffr syndrome and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients with their family were recruited. A sample of 3 ml intravenous blood was taken from patients and from their family members (father and mother) in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‑anticoagulated vacutainer for the purpose of the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by phenol chloroform extraction method. Primers for MTHFR gene were designed. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out. After successful amplification, a small aliquot (5 µl) of the MTHFR reaction mixture was treated with 1 units of Hinf I restriction enzyme (NEB). Results were obtained and compiled. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients/participants with craniosynostosis of Indian descent and their parents formed the study group. The genotyping did not confirm an association between the MTHFR 677C to T polymorphism and between different categories of craniosynostosis. When comparing the offspring of mothers statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: C667T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis though maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor.

Mutational identification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 genes in craniosynostosis in Indian population.

OBJECTIVE: The Objective of this study was to identify the association of mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), FGFR2 genes with syndromic as well as non‑syndromic craniosynostosis in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of our records from January 2008 to December 2012 was done. A total of 41 cases satisfying the inclusion criteria and 51 controls were taken for the study. A total volume of 3 ml blood from the patient as well as parents was taken. Deoxyribonucleic acid extracted using phenol chloroform extraction method followed by polymerase chain reaction‑restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: There were 33 (80.4%) non‑syndromic cases of craniosynostosis while 8 (19.5%) were syndromic. Out of these 8 syndromic cases, 4 were Apert syndrome, 3 were Crouzon syndrome and 1 Pfeiffer syndrome. Phenotypically the most common non‑syndromic craniosynostosis was scaphocephaly (19, 57.7%) followed by plagiocephaly in (14, 42.3%). FGFR1 mutation (Pro252Arg) was seen in 1 (2.4%) case of non‑syndromic craniosynostosis while no association was noted either with FGFR1 or with FGFR2 mutation in syndromic cases. None of the control group showed any mutation. CONCLUSION: Our study proposed that FGFR1, FGFR2 mutation, which confers predisposition to craniosynostosis does not exist in Indian population when compared to the western world.

Hepatotoxic effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and protection by antioxidants.

t-BHP induced oxidative stress and Ca2+ function impairment in fresh hepatocytes was studied in order to understand its role in cytotoxicity. Viability of hepatocytes by the release of lactate dehydrogenase and methyl thiazoletetrazolium reduction method alongwith malondialdehyde formation indicated oxidative stress in the hepatotoxic action of t-BHP.